General Information

  • ID:  hor004766
  • Uniprot ID:  P12272
  • Protein name:  Parathyroid hormone-related protein
  • Gene name:  PTHLH
  • Organism:  Homo sapiens (Human)
  • Family:  Parathyroid hormone family
  • Source:  Human
  • Expression:  Ubiquitous. Also expressed in the mammary gland.
  • Disease:  Diseases associated with PTHLH include Brachydactyly, Type E2 and Brachydactyly, Type E1.
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0051428 peptide hormone receptor binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0001501 skeletal system development; GO:0002076 osteoblast development; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling; GO:0007565 female pregnancy; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008544 epidermis development; GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression; GO:0030282 bone mineralization; GO:0032330 regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; GO:0032331 negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; GO:0046058 cAMP metabolic process; GO:0061182 negative regulation of chondrocyte development
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005634 nucleus; GO:0005654 nucleoplasm; GO:0005737 cytoplasm; GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus; GO:0005829 cytosol

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  AVSEHQLLHDKGKSIQDLRRRFFLHHLIAEIHTAEI
  • Length:  36
  • Propeptide:  MQRRLVQQWSVAVFLLSYAVPSCGRSVEGLSRRLKRAVSEHQLLHDKGKSIQDLRRRFFLHHLIAEIHTAEIRATSEVSPNSKPSPNTKNHPVRFGSDDEGRYLTQETNKVETYKEQPLKTPGKKKKGKPGKRKEQEKKKRRTRSAWLDSGVTGSGLEGDHLSDTSTTSLELDSRRH
  • Signal peptide:  MQRRLVQQWSVAVFLLSYAVPSCG
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  21-21R->A: Strongly reduced affinity for PTH1R.; 23-23R->A: Strongly reduced affinity for PTH1R.; 24-24R->A: Strongly reduced affinity for PTH1R.; 27-27R->A: Strongly reduced affinity for PTH1R.; 28-28R->A: Strongly reduced affinity for PTH1R.; 32-32R->A:

Activity

  • Function:  Neuroendocrine peptide which is a critical regulator of cellular and organ growth, development, migration, differentiation and survival and of epithelial calcium ion transport. Regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. Required for skeletal homeostasis. Promotes mammary mesenchyme differentiation and bud outgrowth by modulating mesenchymal cell responsiveness to BMPs. Up-regulates BMPR1A expression in the mammary mesenchyme and this increases the sensitivity of these cells to BMPs and allows them to respond to BMP4 in a paracrine and/or autocrine fashion. BMP4 signaling in the mesenchyme, in turn, triggers epithelial outgrowth and augments MSX2 expression, which causes the mammary mesenchyme to inhibit hair follicle formation within the nipple sheath (By similarity). Promotes colon cancer cell migration and invasion in an integrin alpha-6/beta-1-dependent manner through activation of Rac1.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  PTH1R
  • Target Unid:  Q03431
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P12272-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor004766_AF2.pdbhor004766_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 488439 Formula: C191H305N59O52
Absent amino acids: CMNPWY Common amino acids: HL
pI: 7.93 Basic residues: 10
Polar residues: 4 Hydrophobic residues: 15
Hydrophobicity: -34.17 Boman Index: -7683
Half-Life: 4.4 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 113.89
Instability Index: 6045.83 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 0
Absorbance 280nm: 0

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  NA
  • Title:  NA